Ichthyofauna of piedmont and savannah environments in the Casanare River drainage, Orinoco Basin, Colombia

Description

Data Records

The data in this occurrence resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 180 records.

This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.

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How to cite

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

Zamudio J E, Urbano-Bonilla A, Preciado-Silva V, Rodríguez-Cubillos D, Herrera-Collazos E E (2017): Ichthyofauna of piedmont and savannah environments in the Casanare River drainage, Orinoco Basin, Colombia. v2.2. Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólgos. Dataset/Occurrence. http://doi.org/10.15472/fjsg8q

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Researchers should respect the following rights statement:

The publisher and rights holder of this work is Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License.

GBIF Registration

This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: ce27b20a-ae25-4bb6-a036-2394a5bd2330.  Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by Colombian Biodiversity Information System.

Keywords

Occurrence; Specimen; Composition; Fishes; Inventory; Neotropical ichthyology; Richness; Orinoco

Contacts

Geographic Coverage

The main tributary of the Orinoco River in Colombia is the Meta River, which has an extensive system of tributaries that drain the Andes Mountains (Casanare, Ariporo, Cusiana, Cravo Sur, Pauto, Túa, Upía and Guachiría rivers). The Casanare River, with an extension of 8000 km2, originates in El Cocuy Natural National Park at 3685 m a.s.l (06°18'N, 072°21'W), and joins with the Ariporo River at 85 m a.s.l (06°03'N, 069°53'W) (IGAC 1999). The Casanare River drainage includes several different natural habitat units (Andean mountain, piedmont and savannah or llanos areas) and aquatic ecosystems (streams, rivers, wetlands and morichales) (Garavito-Fonseca et al. 2011) that drain part of the territory in the departments of Boyacá, Casanare and Arauca. The annual hydrological cycle of the drainage is unimodal with maximum rainfall through June-July, and minimum during January-February. The average monthly temperature is 25,9 °C and the precipitation 298,3 mm (IDEAM 2016 http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/tiempo-y-clima/clima).

Taxonomic Coverage

We recorded 180 fish species belonging to 110 genera, 33 families and seven orders. The order Characiformes was the richest with 92 species followed by the Siluriformes with 68, Gymnotiformes with 9 and the Cichliformes with 8, while the Myliobatiformes, Synbranchiformes and Cyprinodontiformes were represented by one species each. 27 species with taxonomic uncertainty that are in revision process and an undetermined genus of Heptapteridae. Epapterus blohmi is herein reported as a new record for the Orinoco River Basin in Colombia.

Temporal Coverage

Project Data

This project sought to create different species inventories in order to prioritize objects of conservation.

The personnel involved in the project:

Sampling Methods

To characterize the fish assemblages of this river, samplings were carried out at 35 collecting stations in low and high water seasons of 2015.

Method step description:

1. This study considered two natural units, the Andean piedmont that comprises the Andean versant above 200 m a.s.l, and the savannahs and flooded forests below 200 m a.s.l (Lasso et al. 2010). For the delimitation of natural units, the layer intersection tool was used (slope, geo-shape, covers and climate), available in ArcGIS ©10.2.
2. Samplings took place during two hydrological seasons: low water (March-April 2015) and high water (August-September 2015). The collections were carried out at 35 sampling localities in the Casanare River drainage including rivers, streams, lakes, floodplain lagoons and morichales, of which 24 are in the piedmont and 11 in flooded savannahs (Figures 2–11). The coordinates follow the WGS84 system.
3. Collection in piedmont stations was carried out with transects of 75 meters in length using an electrofishing equipment (Samus 725G/550-600), complemented with six successive passes of a seine (5 m long, 2 m height and 0,1 cm mesh) and 20 throws of a cast net (3 m diameter and 2 cm mesh). In the savannah stations, sampling spanned a transect of 100 m, performing eight passes of a seine (7 m long, 2 m height and 0,1 cm mesh), 20 throws of cast net (diameter of 4 m and 2,5 cm mesh) and the installation of 20 hooks during two hours (hooks and lines of different size and bait types). Two “stationary” gillnets (23 m long, 2 m height and 5 cm mesh) were used along the main course of the Casanare River, which were installed during 4 hours and examined every half hour.
4. The specimens were anesthetized in-situ with benzocaine solution and fixed in 10 % formalin, and then preserved in 70 % ethanol. Specimens were identified and housed in the ichthyological collections of both the Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH-P) and the Museo Javeriano de Historia Natural Lorenzo Uribe Uribe S.J (MPUJ). Large-sized species and those under any national threat category, were identified in the field, photographed and posteriorly released in their capture site. Taxonomic identification was done at the species level using species descriptions, taxonomic revisions and specialized taxonomic keys (Lasso and Machado-Allison 2000, Vari and Harold 2001, Taphorn 2003, Armbruster 2003, 2005, Netto-Ferreira et al. 2009, Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011, Ballen and Vari 2012, Ballen and Mojica 2014, Menezes and Lucena 2014, Marinho and Langeani 2016). The list of species and the validation of the scientific names follow the classification of Eschmeyer et al. (2016 http://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification/).
5. Species were categorized as endemic of Orinoco river drainage or some sub-drainage (Machado-Allison et al. 2010), migratory (Zapata and Usma 2013) and threatened (Mojica et al. 2012), in order to assess the conservation status of the fish fauna in the drainage.
6. Lastly, the complete dataset was uploaded to SiB Colombia’s (GBIF Colombia Node) Integrated Publishing Tool in order to increase the visibility and reach of the information produced herein. The Darwin Core standard (Wieczorek et al. 2012) was used as the biodiversity standard to structure the complete dataset. The shared dataset is identified by a DOI, provided by SiB Colombia and is available herein.

Collection Data

Bibliographic Citations

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